Bill generously shared a lot of his Howlett and Hogben family research with me. The research he had originally undertaken were in the days on few computers, and I re-transcribed quite a bit of his original typed notes for him. Bill passed away in 1999.
Please note: This material was compiled a considerable time ago and since then more material and records are available which may indicate some inaccuracies which could not be confirmed at the time. I know there are dates which are slightly incorrect but I think the "story" warrants sharing.
William Howlett (1819-1884)
Here is a part of Bill's story....
Original
typed documents given to Robyn Fisher by Bill Howlett, Flagstaff Hill SA, around 1990.
Re-transcribed 2003
VALIDATED
DESCENDENTS:
FOURTH
GENERATION
WILLIAM
HOWLETT
The
birth of William, the second child of Charles and Temperance, took place at
Ampton Hall, Suffolk, England. He was
the son of a sailor and was baptised in a very old church, St. Mary the Virgin,
on 7th January 1819.
Conditions
in Suffolk were poor and living conditions extremely difficult. Charles Howlett, apparently seeking the best
for his family, is recorded as having foregone his life at home and joined his
distant cousins in France, accepting the occupation of sailor on the Hugo ship
La Recherche, operating from Brest, Brittany.
It
was no easy task for his mother Temperance to raise a family, as only one month
before William's birth, her first child Susan passed away, aged only two years. With her husband almost permanently at sea,
continuous assistance from her parents and cousins, the Palfrey family, who
were masters of Ampton Hall in 1819, was necessary.
William
attended the church school in the Ampton township with approximately 10 other
students, until the age of 12 years, during whi.ch time he welcomed seven
brothers and sisters into his family. Lloyds
of London records state that William, at the young age of 13 years was
permitted to join his father on a voyage from London to Calcutta in 1829.
However,
at Calcutta, William "signed off" the La Recherche and
joined the crew of a Brig named the Hero. It can
only be assumed that the father and son relationship on board was unacceptable,
or perhaps a more lucrative offer was received from the Hero's captain.
Thus
he advanced as a sailor until in 1835, when the Hero, in port in Devon
England, was requisitioned by the English government for convict transportation
to Sydney Australia and the crew were dismissed to be replaced by a Mariner
group, who also acted as guards. These
naval marines, on arrival at Sydney, were to stay in the colony with the
convicts so the Hero's captain, W.W. Hughes, requested his sailors to
obtain passage to Australia by whatever available means, in order to join him
for the return voyage.
As
free citizens, such passage was almost impossible, so William and at least 5
other sailors applied to the newly formed South Australia Company in London.
He
requested permission to emigrate and was accepted. On the 5th October, 1836, William Howlett,
aged seventeen years, arrived on the Emma at Glenelg, South Australia.
His
emigration number was 442. (Please refer
to Before the Buffalo page 18.)
Early
records show that he resided in Trinity Place, Adelaide, for nearly a year and
worked as a hotel employee of the South Australian Arms Hotel in Hindley
Street, whilst he awaited the arrival of his captain and fellow sailors from
the Brig Hero.
Records
show that, depressed and near penniless, he again rejoined his ship and
returned to sea late in 1857. Captain
Walter Watson Hughes, owner and master of the Brig Hero, left the China
Seas abruptly before the onset of the opium wars, and sailed to Port Adelaide,
where the ship was sold.
The
known sailors on the Hero in 1838 were: -
William Jolly -1st Officer
Samual Jackson
William Howlett (18 years)
Edward Hogben
George Hogben
Charles Maidment
Walter Maidment
Isaac White
The
Captain and his crew were to return to England and be discharged on the Brig's
arrival but all the crew decided to return to Australia by personal means.
Records
in the South Australian Archives indicate that William Howlett left England in
1839 on the sailing ship Anna Robertson and arrived in Adelaide on 20th
September, 1839. Whilst his fellow sailors
arrived thus:-
Captain Walter W. Hughes Delhi arriving 20.12.1839
Charles Maidment Charles Kerr 28.12.1839
Edward Hogben Resource 1839
William Jolly Recovery 1839
Samual Jackson Cygnet 1841
Isaac White unknown
David Harvey Arab 1843
On
his arrival, William again resided at Trinity Place Adelaide, with Edward
Hogben and his newly emigrated family, which included his daughter Mary. He also returned to work at the South
Australian Arms Hotel in Hindley Street.
Edward
Hogben purchased land in Sturt Street and became a brewer.
Romance
flourished between himself and Mary Hogben.
On December 17th, 1840, the betrothed couple purchased the Tiers House
Tea Rooms near Mount Lofty. A purchase
invoice of furnishings bought is included at the end of this chapter.
On
the 14th April, 1841, William Howlett and Mary Hogben, on licence number 452,
were married at the Holy Trinity Church, Adelaide, by Colonel Chaplain B.
Howard - William Roberts and Ann Colls were witnesses.
After
their marriage, William and Mary, who were pioneers of Adelaide, commenced
their life with a spirit of survival and the will to battle with the extreme
odds of nature in the Tiers.
During
the day, Mary tended her house duties and managed their tea rooms, whilst
William joined his forester friends and hewed trees for timber to sell in
Adelaide.
Using
his home as a store area, he advanced to also purchase cattle, horses, sheep and
farm produce, which once a week he would haul to Adelaide on a German style
waggon to sell to city merchants. In
return he would purchase all types of imported foodstuffs, articles of
clothing, axes and implements for farming and forestry trades. These goods were for sale at reasonable
prices or exchanged on a barter system.
In
order to glean a scale of the price economy of that era, a price reference of
one of his purchases has been included in this book. It must be assumed that this purchase from
David Browne and company would be compatible with the sales and barters
conducted by William and his fellow Tiersmen.
The
locale of the Tea Rooms is listed as cottage 133 Tiers, Mount Lofty, and was
burnt down in latter years; its ruined walls remained until the foundations
were made use of to erect several cottages.
These adjoin the grounds where the Grand Church of the Epiphany stands
today.
On
the 11th December 1841, the young couple sold the tea rooms and purchased at
auction sale for Three Thousand Pounds, the Norfolk Arms Hotel, from
David Crafer.
Included
in this chapter is an advertisement inserted by David Crafer in the South
Australian Register on 2nd December and the 11th December, 1841.
William
and Mary renamed their Hotel the Forrester's Arms Hotel. Records in the general registry office of the
South Australian Lands Department validate that the young couple were land
owners of 80 acres at the Tiers, or Crafers, as it is known today.
When
Mr. David Crafer sold Howlett this hotel, it encompassed a great deal of
goodwill, coupled with a name that would remain to posterity, perpetuating
itself in the name of a township, "Crafers". The Crafer's Hotel, a solid,
homely structure in timber and brick, bears no resemblance to the thatched
shanty known then as the Forrester's Arms.
The
"Tiers" was at this time the hideout of all manner of unsavoury
characters. They had, if the journals of
the day may be relied upon, a reputation as unhallowed as the "evil one
himself". Escaped convicts from
Tasmania, with nothing to lose after bestial treatment by guards who regarded
them as "scum", were not likely to treat with geniality any intrusion
on the haunts of their newly found freedom.
Runaway
sailors, desiring anonymity from the long arm of their ships' masters, who
showed no mercy to deserters, also found sanctuary there and could hardly be
expected to be "friendly" to the law-abiding citizens of the time. However, there was much hilarity and
enjoyment at the opening dinner of the new Inn, an advertisement for which
appeared in the press of the day, stating :-
"Opening Dinner - Forresters Arms,
Stringy Bark Forest,
Mt. Barker Road,
Two Guineas a Head”
Stringy Bark Forest,
Mt. Barker Road,
Two Guineas a Head”
It is presumed that any diners
who attended this opening function came from Adelaide and were not local
clients of the area.
It is
quoted in the book "Pump on the Roadway" by Tom Dyster, that
the Howletts were quite capable of putting saucy "Tiersmen" in their
place, serving in the bar, looking after the cuisine, and supervising the
stores. The locals respected them as
hard working pioneers.
Visitors
from the city could testify to the friendliness and efficiency of the service
at the Inn, to say nothing of the spotless condition in which it was kept,
albeit the floor was of mud and the roof thatched with straw.
There
must have been many unpleasant incidents in a period such as this at the
"Tiers" but the Howletts continued to prosper as good servants of the
public and within one year had replaced their shanty with an inn constructed of
timber and stone.
On
June 18th, 1842, Mary Howlett gave birth to their son, Charles William.
Glen
Osmond was a deep ravine opening out and terminating somewhat abruptly about
five miles into the Adelaide Hills. Up
this ravine trudged horses, carts and bullock wagons, gradually wearing a
clearly defined track which wound through gullies and along sharp ridges,
becoming the origin of the major highway through the foot hills today.
A map
of the original route in 1841 can be seen in this chapter.
On
June 11th, 1841, a Bill to enable the construction of a solid road from Glen
Osmond to Crafers, was passed by the Legislative Council. The metal for this road had to be carried,
ground and levelled and the surface rolled -no wonder those labouring gangs got
thirsty -and small wonder Howlett's Inn flourished.
The
South Australian Almanac of 1844 lists the population of the Tiers as 225, of
which 103 were children. It was because
of the Tiersmen and their needs that William and Mary’s Forrester' s Arms Hotel
came into being. Men, bow-legged from
too many hours in -tile saddle, graced the bar. They were young men with old faces. Sailors seeking refuge, told yarns of the sea
and recounted rumours about young ladies from the best families down in
Adelaide. So the noise went on -and the
drinkers resolved to enjoy themselves. It
can only be assumed that the ale was purchased from Hogben's brewery in Sturt
Street, Adelaide.
There
is little doubt that this auspicious inn had more interests than just being a
house of hospitality and a Tiersmen's trading post, for, according to the
Forrester's Arms ledgers and lodgers' books, as well as documents of the South
Australian Archives, marriages, births and funerals were conducted there.
The
Happy Valley Council 'Contact' of April 1986 reports the wedding ceremony of a
Jacob Mackereth and his wife Sara on October 15th, 1842. During their stay, the newly-weds rented room
number 3 for one guinea per week. Their
total account on completion of their stay was £3.15.10 which included six
evening meals and two shillings for drinks.
A few months later, according to the record book, Jacob and Sara opened
a trading account. They sold pears,
mulberries and vegetables at barter, exchanging them for an axe, shovel and
linen goods. Later that year, Sara gave
birth to their first child. Sara needed
medical care at the time and spent two days in room 2. Mary Howlett acted as midwife.
Maps
indicating the location of local residents' homes were kept at the Inn and
acceptable traveller's enquiries could be answered. However, most tracks were narrow and
treacherous in wet weather.
It
was about this time that William and Mary met David Harvey and his bride Maria
(nee Sturgeon) David arrived in South Australia on the sailing ship Arab
from Hounslow London England.
Also,
a fellow sailor from the ship Hero, Edward Charles Maidment, married
Sara Ann Hogben on 22nd November, 1843 at the "Tiers". Mrs Sara Ann Maidment was the sister of Mary
Howlett.
The
friendship between the families of Howlett -Harvey -Maidment was very strong
and was to remain so for the rest of their lives.
In
1844, Captain Walter Watson Hughes discovered the green rolling downs of the
Angus River. The expatriate Scotsman
purchased the property of Temple Bar near Macclesfield and settled there. It was here that his ex- sailors found mutual
respect between their master and themselves.
The
Howlett's Forrester's Arms Inn continued to trade prosperously until
March 1844 when this entrepreneurial hotelier, upon being informed by his wife
Mary that their second child was soon to arrive, cast his eyes to the green plains
of Macclesfield. This investment, they
considered, was too lucrative to miss.
On
15th March 1844 Mary Howlett gave birth to their second son, Henry.
William
and Mary sold their hotel to Richard Hawkins.
The Forrester's
Arms Hotel as it was long known, became the birth-place of the Crafer's
Hotel of today. Its exact location
in 1844 was half a mile nearer Adelaide, on the southern side of the new
Freeway of today (1986), on the spot where a television tower is now erected.
Records
in the general registry office of the South Australian Lands Department,
indicate that William Howlett and David Harvey, gardeners, leased half of
section lot 1448 near Wistow, at six shillings a year, on the condition that
they continue as gardeners for Captain W.W. Hughes.
They
were entitled to keep half of the fruit cuttings, suckers and layers they
produced but were expected to fence, plough and clear the new land they used. Farming this virgin land was difficult,
particularly one section which was covered with Stringy Bark trees.
The
list below, which is based on information published in Allen's Almanac of 1845,
indicates how some of our pioneers of Macclesfield were using their leases:-
Howlett
and Harvey
4 acres of wheat and 19 cattle
4 acres of wheat and 19 cattle
Hogben
4 acres of wheat, ½ acre of garden, 9 cattle and 1 goat
4 acres of wheat, ½ acre of garden, 9 cattle and 1 goat
Maidment
9 acres of wheat, ½ acre of potatoes, 14 cattle and 2 pigs
9 acres of wheat, ½ acre of potatoes, 14 cattle and 2 pigs
The
first clear indication of who was farming these lands can be obtained from what
is referred to as the Declaration of Acreage in the South Australian Register
of February 1846. This quotes :-
Howlett and Harvey on 100 acres
Maidment on 140 acres
Jackson on 80 acres (also a publican)
It is
interesting to note that with the selling of Howlett's Forrester's Arms
Hotel at Crafers in 1844, a fellow seaman from the Brig Hero built
an Inn at Macclesfield, naming it the Goat's Head Inn. Can it also be assumed that the Goat's
Head Inn purchased its ale from Hogben's Brewery in Sturt Street Adelaide?
In
1846, Captain Walter Watson Hughes leased the Lake Albert and Peninsula estate,
a property which later increased to 33,000 acres. This property covered an area from
Strathalbyn to a lake area of the lower River Murray, nearly to Meningie. This area was rough, virgin land so that year
he approached William Howlett, David Harvey and Edward Maidment and requested
that they re-locate in Woodchester.
During
this year a, council was formed, comprising four councillors, and was named
"Onaunga". "Onaunga"
is an Aboriginal word meaning Big Water Hole, which signified Lake Albert.
William
Howlett purchased the local animal pound for £100.0.0 from William Moulden,
which gave the family a better sense of security. This was located on lot 1791. David Harvey purchased land at Hartley (lot
1314), some miles towards the east.
Charles
Maidment purchased lot 1788 near Woodchester.
William
and Mary Howlett, with their brother-in-law Charles Maidment's agreement, built
their new home on the eastern edge of lot 1788 near Woodchester.
The
house was built using materials obtained from local sources. These consisted of Gum slabs, straw thatching
and a mortar of Paris Creek lime set between Grey Whacker solid walls. The floor was laid with slate paving which
had to be cut from a nearby quarry.
William
and Mary's new home was of two rooms, each approximately 12 feet x 12 feet, one
being used as a bedroom and the other a kitchen. The present ruins indicate that an outhouse
dwelling of approximately 10,feet x 10 feet may have been used as a bathroom,
laundry and store area.
And
so, among the trees of the virgin scrub, these first' farms were designated,
the first crude homes erected and the first cellars dug.
Nearby,
mining had commenced and mines such as Wheal Ellen and others badly
needed timber for their hungry boilers hence rapid scrub clearance and 'tilling
of the soil enabled the area to develop rapidly.
By
1848 large leases of virgin land had been selected by settlers at Woodchester. The Chapel and its reserve served as a
physical and cultural centre for an increasing influx of pioneers.
William
Howlett immediately recognised the pastoral potential of the area but, lacking
assistance, he decided to return to Ampton, England and enlist the support of
his brother James; leaving his family ,in the safe care of his trusted friends,
Harvey and Maidment.
William
and James returned home to Woodchester in 1852, when James was 23 years old.
In
the year 1857 William and Mary's second son Henry, then aged 13 years, left his
parents' home and secured an occupation as a live-in, shepherd with Captain
Walter Watson Hughes and his wife Sophia, on their new leases at Moonta, on a
wage of nine shillings and six pence per week.
On
the 6th June, 1864, James Howlett married Ann Stodden Burnard, at Woodchester, changing
his residence to Langhorne Creek where he became employed as a store salesman.
In
1867, Edwin Charles Maidment built a hotel at Woodchester and named it the Everley
Arms Inn.
In
the same year, 1867, David Harvey named his homestead and farm “Ampton”
- the name of the birth town of
William Howlett. Today, 1986, the Harvey
family wool bales, still are registered and branded “Ampton”.
On
18th August, 1869, Sara Ann Maidment passed away at Woodchester. Sara was the sister of Mary Howlett.
On
the 29th March, 1869, Charles Harvey, son of David Harvey, married Ann Maria
Williams.
Ann
Maria had a brother, Alfred, who later married Sussannah, daughter of William
and Mary Howlett.
Ellen
Howlett married William Pearson in 1871 at Woodchester and they became farmers
at Brinkley, neighbours to David Harvey.
William
and Mary were to have nine children: -
Charles
William 1842
Henry 1844
Sara 1845
John 1846
Ellen 1848
Alfred 1849
Sussannah 1851
William 1853
Frederick 1856
Henry 1844
Sara 1845
John 1846
Ellen 1848
Alfred 1849
Sussannah 1851
William 1853
Frederick 1856
William
Howlett was appointed a special constable in 1873, with his head office at
Mount Barker., William and Mary continued to live in this manner until
William's death' on the 20th January, 1884, aged 64 years.
He
was buried in the Woodchester Cemetery, Row 1, Grave 2, with his sister-in-law,
Sara Ann Maidment.
Mary,
his widow, later shifted to Morwell, Victoria and resided with her married
daughter, Sussannah Williams.
Mary
Howlett passed away on the 29th August, 1919, aged 98 years.
William
and Mary Howlett crossed the Plains and though they lived beyond the age
allotted to man, never forgot the ungratified thirst, the intense heat and
bitter cold, the craving hunger and utter physical exhaustion of the trail and
the rude crosses - which marked the last resting places of loved companions. But there was another side - never would they
forget the level plains covered with lush grass due to their labours.
The
glorious sunrise in the morning-s and the camp fire at night, the last prayer
at bed -time and the pure sweet air of the land they toiled for.
True,
they suffered, but the satisfaction of deeds accomplished and difficulties
overcome more than compensated and made their being a fact never to be
forgot-ten, and a life-long pleasure for their descendants in remembrance.
